MY BLOG'S: Februari 2011

Kamis, 24 Februari 2011

artikel -contoh contoh adverbial clause

Types of Clauses

A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb (predicate). This differs from a phrase, which does not have a subject and a verb, like “to the park.” Clauses can be independent or dependent. Independent clauses are called sentences as they can stand alone and express a complete thought.
Dependent clauses, or subordinate clauses, are subordinate to something else, usually an independent clause, and depend on it for meaning. Here are some examples with the dependent clause underlined:

Because he has a college degree, he was given a great job.
When the storm started, she was at the store.
Bob wore the coat that I gave him.

You can see that each underlined clause cannot stand on its own, but needs a clause to help it make sense or to help it complete a thought.

What Is an Adverb Clause?

Adverb clauses are clauses that function as adverbs. Since they are dependent clauses, they must have a subordinating conjunction to connect them to the other clause. Subordinating conjunctions can be arranged according to the purpose of the clause they begin. Here are some examples of subordinating conjunctions:

Time: after, when, until, soon, before, once, while, as soon as, whenever, by the time
Condition: if, whether or not, provided, in case, unless, even if, in the event
Cause and effect: because, as, since, so, in order that, now that, inasmuch as
Contrast: though, although, while, whereas, even though

Most of the time, an adverb clause will be separated from the other clause with a comma. Here are a few examples of sentences with and without commas:

Whether you like it or not, you have to go. (The adverb clause “Whether you like it or not” puts a condition on the action.)
She enjoyed the party more than he did. (The adverb clause 'than he did' modifies the adverb “more”.)

Functions of Adverbs

Since adverb clauses function as adverbs, let’s look at the functions of adverbs. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They tell why, when, where, how, how much, and how often an action occurs. They can begin a sentence that is a question, and give more information. Here are some examples according to what the adverb is modifying:

Verbs: We eat pizza weekly. She watched the wild animal carefully.
Adjectives: That is a very nice person. The dog is extremely hyperactive.
Adverbs: She sings quite beautifully. My dog is almost always starving.

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Examples of Adverb Clauses

Adverb clauses can modify by telling the place, time, cause, and purpose of an action. They can also show concession and condition. Basically they answer the questions: Where?, when?, why?, and under what conditions? Here are some examples with the adverb clause underlined:

Place: Wherever there is music, people will often dance. Let’s go to the room where they asked us to wait.
Time: After the chores are done, we will eat ice cream. When the clock strikes midnight, she has to leave.
Cause: She passed the course because she worked hard. Since he has long hair, he wears a ponytail.
Purpose: So that he would not ruin the carpet, he took off his shoes. He ate vegetables in order to stay healthy.
Concession: Even though you are 13, you can’t go to that movie. Although you gave it your best, you did not win the match.
Condition: If you save some money, you can buy a new game. Unless you hurry, you will be late for school.

adverbial clause

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.

Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).

Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:

1. Clause of Time

Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.

Contoh:

Shut the door before you go out.
You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place

Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.

Contoh:

They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
The guard stood where he was positioned.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.

Contoh:

As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner

Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.

Contoh:

He did as I told him.
You may finish it how you like.
They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.

Contoh:

They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.

Contoh:

Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

Contoh:

The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.

Contoh:

He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

Contoh:

It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.

Contoh:

She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:

1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll

Contoh:

Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)

2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as

Contoh:

Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.

Contoh:

Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

Catatan:

Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:

1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).

Contoh:

a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.

Contoh:

a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.

b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.

Contoh:

1. DAPAT DIRUBAH

While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.

2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH

While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.

7. Clause of Condition

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.

Contoh:

If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.